ABSTRACT
Both sides of the picornavirus genome have 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) and 3'- untranslated region (3'UTR). This study demontrated that both the 5'-and 3'-UTR can form complex structures, such as stem-loop, clover and pseudoknot structure, These structures play an important role in the regulaton of the replication and translation of the viruses. This article reviewed the progress of research on the structure and function of picornavirus' 3'-UTR over recent years.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , 3' Untranslated Regions , Nucleic Acid Conformation , Picornaviridae , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Picornaviridae Infections , Virology , RNA, Viral , Chemistry , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
The apoptosis of RK13 cells induced by RHDV was investigated with DAPI staining, DNA ladder, Caspase 3 activity and flow cytometry, etc. The results showed that nuclear staining of infected cells with DAPI showed gradually morphological changes of the nuclei. As shown in the paper, a canonic oligonucleosome-sized DNA ladder was observed in cells harvested at 24h, 48h and 72h post-infection, confirming that DNA fragmentation was induced by RHDV infection. The results of flow cytometry showed that about 63% of cells were in apoptosis at 48h post-infection. Besides, we also demonstrated that the activation of Caspase 3 occurred during the infection process. In conclusion, our results showed that apoptosis in RHD might be determinant in the development of the pathogenesis of RHD.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Apoptosis , Caliciviridae Infections , Genetics , Virology , Caspase 3 , Metabolism , Cell Line , Cell Nucleus , Genetics , Virology , DNA Fragmentation , Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit , PhysiologyABSTRACT
To provide an efficient and safe technology platform for studying the replication and pathogenesis mechanisms of RHDV, the interaction between the RHDV and its host cells, a replicon system of RHDV, was constructed based on the infectious cDNA clone of RHDV, in which VP60 gene encoding the capsid protein was deleted, but all the necessary protease coding regions and non-coding regions were retained. Results from RT-PCR, IFA and qRT-PCR confirmed that the replicon RNA could efficiently replicate in RK-13 cells. Besides, the results also suggested that the capsid protein which is the structural protein of RHDV is necessary for maintaining the viral infectivity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Capsid Proteins , Physiology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit , Genetics , RNA, Viral , Replicon , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The complete genomic sequence of Duck hepatitis virus 1 (DHV-1) ZJ-V isolate was sequenced and determined to be 7 691 nucleotides (nt) in length with a 5'-terminal un-translated region (UTR) of 626 nt and a 3'-terminal UTR of 315 nt (not including the poly(A) tail). One large open reading frame (ORF) was found within the genome (nt 627 to 7 373) coding for a polypeptide of 2 249amino acids. Our data also showed that the poly (A) tail of DHV-1 has at least 22 A's. Sequence comparison revealed significant homology (from 91.9% to 95.7%) between the protein sequences of the virus in the Picornaviridae family, its genome showed some unique characteristics. DHV-1 contains 3copies of the 2A gene and only 1 copy of the 3B gene, and its 3'-NCR is longer than those of other picornaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis to do sequence homology based on the VP1 protein sequences showed that the ZJ-V isolate shares high sequence homology with the reported DHV-1 isolates (from 92.9% to 99.2%), indicating that DHV-1 is genetically stable.